tulostettava versio
MonAKO Glossary T
Alkuun
A-B
C
D
E-F
G-H
I
J-L
M
N-P
Q-R
S
T
U-W
target language, TL
Definition: language translated into
FI: tulokieli, kohdekieli
SV: mlsprk
DE: Zielsprache
FR: langue darrive, langue cible
target language enrichment
Definition: way that translations enrich the target
language by introducing new terms, forms or genres etc.
FI: kohdekielen rikastaminen
SV: berikande av mlsprket
DE: Bereicherung der Zielsprache
FR: enrichissement de la langue cible
target text, TT
Definition: the translation itself, in the target
language
FI: kohdeteksti, tuloteksti
SV: mltext, sluttext
DE: Zieltext
FR: texte darrive, texte cible
technique, translation technique
Definition: a specific textual procedure for translating
a particular structure or item. Examples of techniques are
transposition, calque, explicitation, condensation, omission.
Note: some scholars use the term strategy
or local strategy or procedure or
shift in this sense.
FI: knnstekniikka
SV: versttningsteknik
DE: bersetzungsverfahren
FR: technique, procd
term bank
Definition: computer-based collection of terminology
FI: termipankki
SV: termbank
DE: Termenbank, Terminilogiedatenbank
FR: banque de terminologie
terminology
Definition 1: specialized vocabulary, ideally with
one-to-one equivalents in other languages, usually associated
with a particular restricted domain
Definition 2: science which researches the concepts,
systems of concepts, terms and terminologies in one or more
languages
FI: (1) termist, (2) terminologia
SV: (1) terminologi, (2) terminologi, terminologilra
DE: Terminologie
FR: terminologie
tertium comparationis
Definition: literally, the third term of a
comparison; that which remains invariant in translation or
in contrastive analysis, which forms the basis for the
comparison
FI: tertium comparationis
SV: tertium comparationis
DE: Tertium Comparationis
FR: tertium comparationis
textual equivalence
Definition: relation that is observed to exist between an
element of a source text and a corresponding element in its
translation, as accepted by a competent bilingual
Source: Catford 1965
FI: tekstiekvivalenssi
SV: textuell ekvivalens
DE: textuelle quivalenz
FR: quivalence textuelle
theory of sense > interpretive theory
thick translation > ethnographic
translation
think-aloud protocol, TAP
Definition: research method in which translators are
asked to speak aloud as they translate; they are recorded as they
verbalize their thoughts about what they are doing
Source: Krings 1986
FI: protokollatutkimus
SV: tala-hgtprotokoll, tnka-hgt-protokoll,
TAP-protokoll
DE: Verfahren des Lauten Denkens
FR: protocoles de rflexion haute voix, protocole
de rflexion parle, protocole de verbalisation
transcription
Definition: kind of transfer or borrowing that preserves
the sounds or letters or words of the original; sometimes used
e.g. in translating place names or realia
FI: transkriptio
SV: transkription
DE: Transkription
FR: transcription
transediting
Definition: pragmatic translation strategy which involves
radical editing, in order to make the target text clearer or
communicatively more efficient than a poor-quality source text;
and/or to adapt the translation to its intended function; and/or
to adapt it to the target culture
Source: Stetting 1989
FI: transeditointi
SV: transeditering, transredigering
DE: Transredaktion
FR: transdition
transeme
Definition: basic translational unit used in the analysis
of a translation; a basic semantic structure expressing a state
of affairs (a proposition) or some kind of adverbial
Source: Leuven-Zwart 1989/1990
FI: transeemi
SV: transem
DE: Transeme
FR: transme
transfer
Definition 1: second stage in Nida and Tabers
model, after analysis and before restructuring; the stage at
which the message passes from source to target.
Definition 2: general sense of change or movement,
usually across a border; in this sense, translation itself is
seen as just one kind of transfer
FI: siirto
SV: (1) verfringsskede, (1, 2) verfring
DE: Transfer
FR: transfert
translatability
Definition: possibility of translating, or of being
translated
FI: knnettvyys
SV: versttbarhet
DE: bersetzbarkeit
FR: traduisibilit
translate
Definition: to turn into ones own or another
language
FI: knt
SV: verstta
DE: bersetzen
FR: traduire
translation
Definition: text in one language that represents a text
in another language (in some way, for some purpose); process of
producing a translation
Note: in German, die Translation is often
used as a cover-term to include both written and oral
translation.
FI: knns, kntminen
SV: versttning
DE: bersetzung
FR: traduction
translation aids
Definition: any tool that helps the translator, including
dictionaries, reference works, term banks and computer programs of
all kinds
Source: Delisle 1999
FI: kntjn apuvlineet,
kntmisen apuvlineet
SV: hjlpmedel i versttningsarbetet
DE: bersetzungshilfe
FR: aides la traduction
translation commentary
Definition: a translators commentary explaining
and justifying translatorial decisions, usually accompanied by
the translation itself
FI: kntjn kommentaareilla varustettu
knns, knnskommentaari
SV: kommenterad versttning
DE: kommentierte bersetzung
FR: traduction commente
translation criticism > translation
assessment
translation equivalent
Definition: expression in a target language which can
translate a source-language expression in certain contexts
FI: knnsvastine
SV: versttningsekvivalent
DE: bersetzungsquivalent
FR: quivalent traductionnel
translation law
Definition: general hypothesis about a possible universal
tendency in translatorial behaviour, such as interference or
increasing standardization
Source: Toury 1995
FI: knnslaki, kntmisen laki
SV: versttningslag
DE: bersetzungsgesetz
FR: loi de traduction
translation memory
Definition: a computer program containing files of
previous translations which can be automatically accessed in
order to speed up a translation task, and/or ensure consistency
with previous translations
FI: knnsmuisti
SV: versttningsminne
DE: besetzungsspeicher
FR: mmoire de traduction
translational
Definition: having to do with translation or
translations
FI: knns-, kntmisen
SV: translatorisk
DE: bersetzungs-
FR: traductionnel
translationese
Definition: style typical of translations that are not
natural or fluent enough; typical stylistic weaknesses of
translated texts
FI: knnskieli
SV: versttarsprk,
versttningssprk
DE: bersetzersprache
FR: langue de la traduction
translation studies
Definition: the whole field of research on translation
Source: Holmes 1988
FI: knnstiede, kntmisen
tutkimus
SV: versttningsvetenskap, traductologi
DE: Translationswissenschaft (includes also interpreting),
bersetzungswissenschaft
FR: traductologie
translation theory
Definition: either a synonym for Translation Studies, or
used to denote the more theoretical aspects of translation
research
FI: kntmisen teoria,
knnsteoria
SV: versttningsteori
DE: bersetzungstheorie
FR: thorie de la traduction
translation unit, unit of translation
Definition: segment of text dealt with by the translator
as a single unit,
for the purposes of translation
FI: knnsyksikk
SV: versttningsenhet
DE: bersetzungseinheit
FR: unit de traduction
translation universals
Definition: features of translations that may be
universal (or at least very general), regardless of the languages
concerned, such as a tendency to be more explicit
Source: Baker 1993
FI: knnsuniversaalit, kntmisen
universaalit
SV: versttandets universaler,
versttningsuniversaler
DE: Universalien der bersetzung
FR: universaux de la traduction
translator visibility
Definition: (indications of) the textual or social
presence of the translator
Source: Venuti 1995
FI: kntjn nkyvyys
SV: versttarens synlighet
DE: Sichtbarkeit des bersetzers
FR: visibilit du traducteur
translatorial
Definition: having to do with translators
FI: kntj-, kntjn
SV: versttar-, translatorisk
DE: bersetzer-, bersetzerisch-
FR: traductif
translatorial action
Definition: whole process of producing a translation,
with all the agents involved
Source: Holz-Mnttri 1984
SV: versttningsverksamhet, translatorisk verksamhet
FI: kntjn toiminta
DE: translatorisches Handeln
FR: acte traductionnel, action traductionnelle
translatorial competence
Definition: abilities required of a professional
translator
FI: kntjn kompetenssi
SV: versttarkompetens
DE: bersetzungsfertigkeit, bersetzungskompetenz,
translatorische Kompetenz
FR: comptence du traducteur
transliteration
Definition: replacing of source-language graphological
units by target-language ones, in cases where the two language
have different writing systems
Source: Catford 1965
FI: translitteraatio
SV: translitteration
DE: Transliteration
FR: translittration
transmutation > intersemiotic translation
transposition
Definition: syntactic translation technique or strategy
involving a change of word-class (e.g. from noun to verb)
Source: Vinay and Darbelnet 1958
FI: transpositio
SV: transposition
DE: Transposition
FR: transposition
trope change
Definition: semantic translation technique or strategy:
change in the use of figurative expressions such as metaphor,
personification etc.
Source: Chesterman 1997
FI: kielikuvan muutos
SV: frndrad trop
DE: Tropenwechsel
FR: changement tropique
