tulostettava versio
MonAKO Glossary S
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scheme change
Definition: syntactic translation technique or strategy;
a change that concerns rhetorical schemes such as parallelism,
repetition, alliteration, metrical rhythm etc.
FI: skeeman muutos, skeemanvaihto
SV: skematisk frndring, frndrad schema
DE: Schemawechsel
FR: changement schmatique
screen translation, audiovisual translation, multimedia
translation
Definition: translation of any text (or other product)
distributed via a TV, computer or other screen
FI: AV-kntminen
SV: AV-versttning
DE: multimediale bersetzung
FR: traduction audiovisuelle
segmentation
Definition: process of splitting a source text and its
translation into small, corresponding chunks, for the purposes of
a comparative analysis
Source: Vinay and Darbelnet 1958, Delisle 1999
FI: segmentointi
SV: segmentation
DE: Segmentierung
FR: dcoupage
selective translation
Definition: kind of translation that selects certain
desired elements of the source text and translates only those,
e.g. for a client who only wants a particular kind of
information
Source: Gouadec 1990
FI: selektiivinen kntminen, valikoiva
kntminen
SV: selektiv versttning
DE: selektive bersetzung
FR: traduction slective
self-translation > autotranslation
semantic disambiguation
Definition: process of clarifying polysemic words in the
source text, in order to determine the contextual meaning
Source: Hnig 1976
FI: merkityksen selventminen
SV: semantisk disambiguering
DE: Monosemierung
FR: dsambiguation
semantic strategy (or
technique)
Definition: any kind of translation technique (or
strategy) concerning changes in lexical, figurative and thematic
meaning
FI: semanttinen knnsstrategia
SV: semantisk versttningsstrategi
DE: semantische bersetzungsstrategie
FR: stratgie smantique
semantic translation
Definition: kind of translation that aims to preserve the
form of the original fairly closely, even at the cost of
naturalness; typically used for high-status source texts
Source: Newmark 1981
FI: semanttinen knns
SV: semantisk versttning
DE: semantische bersetzung
FR: traduction smantique
sense-for-sense translation
Definition: general type of translation which emphasizes
meaning rather than form
FI: merkityksen kntminen
SV: versttning av betydelse,
betydelse-fr-betydelse versttning
DE: sinngetreue bersetzung
FR: traduction du sens
serial translation
Definition: research method in which a text is translated
from language A into language B, then from B into C, and so on,
perhaps finally into A again
Source: Casagrande 1954
FI: ketjukntminen
SV: kedjeversttning
DE: Serienbersetzung
FR: traduction en chane
shadowing
Definition: technique used in teaching interpreting,
where trainees have to repeat a message in the same language
FI: shadowing
SV: shadowing
DE: Shadowing
FR: rptition avec dcalage
shift
Definition: linguistic change of some kind in
translation; usually seen as a difference or contrast of
linguistic product, but sometimes seen as a process
Source: Catford 1965
FI: knnsvaihdos, knnsvaihto
SV: byte, frndring
DE: Wechsel
FR: changement, glissement
sight translation
Definition: unprepared oral translation of a written text
FI: prima vista -knns
SV: extempore-versttning
DE: Vom-Blatt-bersetzung, Spontanbersetzung,
Stegreifbersetzen, prima vista bersetzung
FR: traduction vue
sign (or signed) language
interpreting
Definition: interpreting between a spoken language and a
sign language
FI: viittomakielen tulkkaus
SV: teckensprkstolkning
DE: Zeichensprachendolmetschen, Gebrdendolmetschen
FR: interprtation en langue des signes
simultaneous interpreting
Definition: interpreting in which the interpreter listens
and translates at about the same time, without taking notes, so
that he/she is translating segment A while listening to segment
B
FI: simultaanitulkkaus
SV: simultantolkning
DE: Simultandolmetschen
FR: interprtation simultane
situational equivalence
Definition: kind of equivalence based not on linguistic
but on situational factors; e.g. English tea might
be translated as coffee in some circumstances, if
coffee had a corresponding cultural status in the target
culture
FI: tilanne-ekvivalenssi, tilannevastaavuus, funktionaalinen
analogia
SV: situationell ekvivalens
DE: situationelle quivalenz
FR: quivalence situationnelle
skopos theory
Definition: theory according to which a
translators decisions are determined primarily by the
skopos (Greek for aim, purpose) of the target
text
Source: Reiss and Vermeer 1984
FI: skoposteoria
SV: skoposteori
DE: Skopostheorie
FR: thorie du skopos
source language
Definition: language translated out of
FI: lhtkieli, lhdekieli, alkukieli
SV: kllsprk
DE: Ausgangssprache, Originalsprache
FR: langue source, langue de dpart, langue de
loriginal
source text (ST)
Definition: original text to be translated
FI: lhtteksti, lhdeteksti, alkuteksti
SV: klltext, utgngstext
DE: Ausgangstext, Originaltext
FR: texte de dpart, texte source
specification
Definition: translation technique or strategy in which
the target-text item is more specific than the corresponding
source item
FI: tarkentaminen
SV: specifikation
DE: Spezifizierung
FR: spcification, hyponymisation
standardization > growing standardization
strategy, translation strategy
Definition 1: general principle adopted by a translator
to guide some aspect of the translation of a given text, such as
a strategy to translate very freely, or a strategy for using
foot-notes.
Note: some scholars use the term global
strategy in this sense.
Definition 2:. specific translation method (solution
type) for translating some feature of the source text, such as
allusions, swearwords, puns, dialect etc. Typically, such a
feature is seen as a translation problem. In this definition,
strategies are usually classified as various kinds of textual
change, between source and target text.
Note: some scholars use the term local
strategy in this sense, or technique or
shift or tactic. Sometimes the same
names are used both both to describe a type of global strategy
and a type of (local) technique (e.g.
foreignization).
FI: knnsstrategia
SV: versttningsstrategi
DE: bersetzungsstrategie
FR: procd de traduction, stratgie de
traduction
structure shift
Definition: change of structure from source to target,
e.g. from Subject-Verb to Verb-Subject
Source: Catford 1965
FI: rakenteen vaihdos, rakenteen vaihto
SV: strukturbyte
DE: nderung der grammatischen Struktur,
Strukturennderung
FR: dcalage structurel
stylistic equivalence
Definition: kind of equivalence; sameness
of style
FI: stilistinen ekvivalenssi, tyylillinen ekvivalenssi
SV: stilistisk ekvivalens
DE: stilistische quivalenz
FR: quivalence stylistique
sublanguage > controlled language
subtitling, subtitles
Definition: screen translation used in audio-visual
communication, in which speech is translated into written
language
FI: tekstitys
SV: textning, AV-versttning, undertextning
DE: Untertitel, mit ntertitel versehen
FR: sous-titrage
summary translation, abstract translation, gist
translation
Definition: translation which reduces the source text to
the length of a synopsis
Source: Gouadec 1990
FI: tiivistelmknns
SV: sammanfattande versttning
DE: Resmee-bersetzung, zusammenfassende
bersetzung
FR: traduction synoptique
surtitling, surtitles
Definition: written translations of spoken language,
projected above the stage e.g. in opera performances
FI: oopperatekstitys
SV: textning, vertextning
DE: bertitel
FR: surtitrage
synonymy
Definition: semantic translation strategy; selecting not
the obvious equivalent but a synonym or
near-synonym for it, e.g. to avoid repetition
FI: synonymia
SV: synonymstrategi, synonymi
DE: Synonymie
FR: (stratgie de) synonymie
syntactic strategy (or
technique)
Definition: any kind of translation technique (or
strategy) which involves a syntactic change
FI: syntaktinen knnsstrategia
SV: syntaxstrategi, syntaktisk versttningsstrategi
DE: syntaktische bersetzungsstrategie
FR: stratgie syntaxique
