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MonAKO Glossary M
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machine translation
Definition: translation done by a computer program
FI: konekntminen
SV: maskinversttning
DE: maschinelle bersetzung
FR: traduction automatique
machine-aided translation > computer-assisted
translation
manipulation
Definition: adjusting the source message in order to make
it more compatible with a given ideology. (According to the group
of scholars known as the Manipulation School, all translation
implies some degree of manipulation of the source text for a
certain purpose.)
Source: Hermans 1985
FI: manipulointi
SV: manipulation
DE: Manipulation
FR: manipulation
Manipulation School
Definition: group of scholars, mainly in Belgium, the
Netherlands and Israel, who brought new ideas into translation
studies in the 1980s and 90s, with an emphasis on descriptive
studies of literary translations and their cultural contexts
Source: Hermans 1985
FI: manipulaatiokoulukunta
SV: manipulationsteoretiker
DE: Manipulationstheoretiker
FR: cole de manipulation
mapping
Definition: the process whereby translations
map i.e. represent originals; also
the mental picture that the translator forms of the source text
before and while translating
FI: kuvaus
SV: kartlggning
DE: Abbildung
FR: reprsentation
matricial norm
Definition: a norm that regulates the organization of the
target text during translation, e.g. regarding what can be moved
or omitted
Source: Toury 1995
FI: matriisinormi
SV: matrisnorm
DE: Matriznorm
FR: norme matricielle
mediated translation > indirect translation
meme
Definition: unit of cultural transfer; an idea,
behaviour, style, or usage that spreads from person to person
Source: Dawkins 1976
FI: meemi
SV: mem
DE: Meme
FR: mme
metaphrase
Definition: fairly literal (and grammatical)
translation
Source: Dryden 1690
FI: metafraasi
SV: metafras
DE: Metaphrase
FR: mtaphrase
minimax principle
Definition: game-theory principle governing the
translators decision-making process, according to which
the best choices are those which produce the maximum effect with
the least effort
Source: Levy 1967
FI: minimaksperiaate
SV: minimaxprincip
DE: Minimaxstrategie
FR: principe minimax
modification
Definition 1: kind of shift in which both source-text and
target-text items are hyponyms of the same cover-term or
architranseme, but are slightly different semantically or
syntactically.
Source: Leuven-Zwart 1989/90
Definition 2: any kind of slight change or shift (a more
general usage than definition 1)
FI: modifikaatio
SV: modifikation
DE: Modifikation
FR: modification
modulation
Definition 1: technique involving a slight change of
meaning or point of view
Source Vinay and Darbelnet 1958
Definition 2: technique involving generalization or
specification
Source: Leuven-Zwart 1989/1990
FI: modulaatio
SV: modulation
DE: Modulation
FR: modulation
mother tongue translation (MTT)
Definition: translation done into the translators
native language
FI: knns / kntminen
idinkieleen
SV: versttning till modersmlet
DE: bersetzen in die Muttersprache
FR: version
multilingual corpus
Definition: set of monolingual corpora in two or more
languages, based on similar design criteria, so that e.g. typical
usages in different languages can be compared
FI: monikielinen korpus
SV: flersprkig korpus
DE: multilinguales Korpus
FR: corpus multilingue
multi-medial text
Definition: text involving more than one medium, such as
words plus pictures and/or sound
FI: multimediateksti
SV: multimediatext
DE: multimediale Text
FR: texte multimdiatique
multimedia translation > screen
translation
mutation
Definition: translational shift which produces a big
difference between source and target,such as an addition or
omission or radical change of meaning
Source: Leuven-Zwart 1989/90
FI: mutaatio
SV: mutation
DE: Mutation
FR: mutation
